Coordinated management of meaning is a comprehensive communication theory that states that people interpret and act on the basis of rules that allow them to coordinate their meanings when interacting with others.Constitutive ruleshelp us understand or interpret anevent or message; they tell us what certain actions constitute or mean. For example, in some cultures preparing a detailed agenda and assertively guiding discus-sion count as leadership, whereas in other cultures indirectness and subtlety constitute effective leadership.Regulative rulesare essentially rules of action that tell us when it’s appropriate to do certain things and how to respond or behave in an interaction. For example, in some cultures heated business discussions where individuals promote a personal position is appropriate business conduct, but in other cultures the maintenance of harmony and the sense of group regu-lates business behavior. When constitutive and regulative rules are understood and coordinated, interactions tend to run smoothly and comfortably. But fric-tion and misunderstandings often result when individuals operate according to different constitutive and regulative rules.Rules tell us what interpretations and actions are logical or appropriate in a given situation and are tied to our overall hierarchy of meanings.

   Pearce and Cronen (1980) further develop a nestled hierarchyin which one
context is embedded within another and each context is itself part of a larger context. They identify six contexts or levels of meaning in their hierarchy, but
are quick to note that there may be additional contexts or levels of meaning
that have not yet been recognized.

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